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Melanotan 2 is a synthetic analogue of a naturally occurring peptide in the human body called alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH). It is a cyclic heptapeptide that is involved in the process called melanogenesis, i.e. stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin, which is responsible for the pigmentation of skin.
It was first developed in the 1980s at the University of Arizona in an attempt to develop a more potent analogue than a-MSH to induce therapeutic tan without exposure to UV rays. Although it was initially developed for tanning, later research found that it’s involved in regulating appetite, libido, glucagon production and many other body functions. At present, sale for melanotan 2 is exclusively available for educational and research purposes.
From Pubchem
(3S,6S,9R,12S,15S,23S)-15-[[(2S)-2-acetamidohexanoyl]amino]-9-benzyl-6-[3-(diaminomethyli deneamino)propyl]-12-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexao xo-1,4,7,10,13,18-hexazacyclotricosane-23-carboxamide.Synonyms: Melanotan II, MT-IIMolecular Formula: C50H69N15O9Molecular Weight: 1024.2 g/molCAS Number: 121062-08-6PubChem CID: 92432
Many studies indicate that MT-II is involved in regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. In a study, it was shown that Melanotan II was administered to male mice bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens (the brain part involved in rewarding effects of food). The results suggested that this peptide reduced the amount of food consumed and the motivation to eat food, indicating the role of melanocortin signaling in the nucleus accumbens without affecting the metabolic rate[1]. There are five melanocortin receptors, among them two MC3R and MC4R are thought to be involved in energy balance. Research suggests that a-MSH is involved in appetite regulation and energy expenditure through POMC signaling. Further, it indicates that a-MSH signaling might be a potential target for treating obesity in humans [2].
Studies show that melanocortin pathways are also involved in insulin regulation. In a study, peripheral administration of MT-II in rats showed improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance [3]. Similarly, another research examined the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of MT-II in mice and found that it increased insulin-mediated glucose disposal (uptake). However, it didn’t influence endogenous glucose production, indicating that central stimulation of MC3R and MC4R receptors affected insulin sensitivity in a tissue-specific manner independently [4]. On the contrary, a recent clinical trial conducted on humans (male) found that taking 10mg of melanotan 2 before bedtime for three months reduced insulin sensitivity by 12%[5]. More studies are needed to understand the effect of MH-II on insulin sensitivity to draw conclusions.
Multiple studies indicate that MT-II can prove to be an effective treatment for men with erectile dysfunction. In a study, 8 out of 10 men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction, who were able to achieve erections while sleeping, but unable to do so before sexual activity, treated with Melanotan II developed penile erections [6]. Other studies replicated this result and proved that MT-II is a potent initiator of erection [7], and its effects are not just limited to psychogenic erectile dysfunction. In fact, men with several risk factors were able to achieve erection [8].
UV rays are notorious for damaging skin health and causing cancers. UV rays mediate inflammation and cause acute oxidative stress, which results in the generation of free radicals that harms skin tissues. Researchers also related UV rays with the suppression of cutaneous and system immunity. Melatonin, being an antioxidant and able to reduce apoptosis, can provide protection against UV rays [9]. One more study indicates that upregulation of PTEN by MCR1 activation and inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 by melanotan II cause suppression of melanoma [10].
In a study, the effect of MT-II on an autism mouse model was investigated. The results showed that melanotan 2 positively impacted autism-like features that include poor social behavior, repetitive behaviors and reduced verbal communication [11]. Another study found that the drugs that stimulate oxytocin release, including melanotan 1 and melanotan 2, promote social bonding (induced partner preference) in female prairie voles, a specie with complex social behavior [12].
Melanotan 2 seems to be a promising therapy for patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes and erectile dysfunction. However, more research is needed on humans to confirm its beneficial effects so FDA can approve MT-II for clinical use. Till it gets approval for therapeutical use, melanotan 2 for sale is available for research only, buy melanotan 2 if you are a licensed researcher.
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