Clomiphene, also known as Clomifene or Clomid, is a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene derivative that belongs to the class selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It can act both as an agonist and antagonist of the estrogen receptor ERα depending on the baseline estrogen levels. Clomifene acts on the hypothalamus and causes the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormones through the negative feedback mechanism. It also triggers the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), leading to ovulation.

Clomiphene was first synthesized by chemist Frank Palopoli in 1956. It was approved for the treatment of anovulation in 1967. It has also been shown to restore testosterone levels in hypogonadal men and boost athletic performance. At Elements Sarms, the option to buy liquid clomiphene is restricted to research and educational purposes.

From Pubchem

IUPAC Name:2-[4-[(Z)-2-chloro-1,2-diphenylethenyl]phenoxy]-N,N-diethylethanamine
Synonyms: Zuclomiphene, Clomifene, Clomid
Molecular Formula: C26H28ClNO
Molecular Weight: 406.0 g/mol
CAS Number: 15690-55-8
PubChem CID: 1548955

1. Clomiphene and Infertility

Clomiphene is used for ovulation induction in women who ovulate irregularly due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or don’t ovulate at all. It is either used alone or in conjunction with metformin or other insulin sensitizers. A study was conducted to compare the efficacy of clomiphene and metformin in women with PCOS. 626 infertile women with PCOS were randomized to receive either clomifene and metformin alone or a combination of the two. The researchers found that live birth rates were 22.5%, 7.5% and 26.8% among clomifene, metformin and combination therapy groups respectively, concluding superior efficacy of clomifene over metformin [1].

PCOS patients who are resistant to clomiphene citrate might respond to the letrozole plus metformin combination [2]. Research shows that letrozole is associated with higher live birth rates and ovulation than clomiphene [3]. Furthermore, clomiphene has also been shown to improve male infertility. Research shows that it can increase sperm production and motility and is a safe therapy for improving sperm parameters in infertile men [4].

2. Clomiphene and Acromegaly

Acromegaly is characterized by excessive production of growth hormone by pituitary glands that leads to the enlargement of body tissues and organs. Oral estrogens, either alone or in combination with other drugs, have been shown to be an effective therapy for acromegaly. A phase II study was conducted to assess the effect of clomiphene citrate on insulin-like growth factor and testosterone in patients with acromegaly. Six male patients were recruited in this study and clomiphene citrate was added to their previous treatment. The researchers found that IGF-1 serum levels decreased by 44% and testosterone levels increased by 209%. These findings indicate that clomifene should be considered for acromegaly patients who don’t respond to conventional therapies [5].

3. Clomiphene and Secondary Hypogonadism

Hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical testosterone insufficiency syndrome that affects men. It affects various organs and its symptoms include erectile dysfunction, mood changes, reduced sexual drive and muscular changes. Primary hypogonadism is caused by testicular failure while secondary hypogonadism results from inadequate stimulation of the testes by gonadotrophins due to their reduced serum concentration.

Testosterone replacement therapy is the first choice for the treatment of hypogonadism. However, it is associated with adverse effects such as an increase in estrogen and hematocrit levels, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and serum lipid alterations. Clomiphene citrate is often used for the off-label treatment of male secondary hypogonadism. It occupies estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, leading to the release of gonadotropins [6]. A data from retrospective study shows that clomiphene normalized testosterone levels in 53. 2% vs. 46.8% by testosterone replacement therapy [7].

4. Current Status of Clomiphene

Clomifene is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that both acts as an agonist and antagonist. It is approved by the FDA for the treatment of ovulation induction and male infertility. It is also used for the off-label treatment of secondary hypogonadism and is banned by the Word Anti Doping Agency (WADA) as it can boost testosterone. At Elements Sarms, the option to buy liquid clomid is restricted to research and educational institutions. Only buy Clomid if you are a qualified researcher.

1. Legro, R.S., et al., Clomiphene, Metformin, or Both for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 2007. 356(6): p. 551-566.
2. Sohrabvand, F., S. Ansari, and M. Bagheri, Efficacy of combined metformin–letrozole in comparison with metformin–clomiphene citrate in clomiphene-resistant infertile women with polycystic ovarian disease. Human Reproduction, 2006. 21(6): p. 1432-1435.
3. Legro, R.S., et al., Letrozole versus Clomiphene for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 2014. 371(2): p. 119-129.
4. Huijben, M., et al., Clomiphene citrate for male infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology, 2023. 11(6): p. 987-996.
5. Duarte, F.H., R.S. Jallad, and M.D. Bronstein, Clomiphene citrate for treatment of acromegaly not controlled by conventional therapies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015. 100(5): p. 1863-9.
6. Huijben, M., et al., Clomiphene citrate for men with hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology, 2022. 10(3): p. 451-469.
7. Garcia-Touza, M., Safety and Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate in the Treatment of Secondary Hypogonadism. A Retrospective Study. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2021. 5(Supplement_1): p. A761-A761.